(recently added entries are highlighted)

LIST OF COMETARY MOLECULES:
The Cosmic Ice Laboratory at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

NOTES: Identifications explicitly considered to be tentative are
indicated with italics; recent detections are implicitly tentative.

YEAR SPECIES CITATION SOURCE AND LINES
1864 C2
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR MAY 2013 		Schreiben des Herrn Prof. Donati an den Herausgeber
G. B. Donati, Astron Nachr 62:375-378 (1882)		 Tempel
d3Πg - a3Πu - Swan bands
1881 CN
cyano radical
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JUN 2008 		Preliminary Notes on the Photographic Spectrum of Comet 1881b
W. Huggins, Proc Roy Soc 33:1 (1882)
New Molecular Species in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) Observed with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
D. C. Lis, D. M. Mehringer, D. Benford, M. Gardner, T. G. Phillips, D. Bockelée-Morvan, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. Crovisier, D. Despois, and H. Rauer, Earth Moon Planets 78:13-20 (1997)
First in situ detection of the CN radical in comets and evidence for a distributed source
N. Hänni, K. Altwegg, B. Pestoni, M. Rubin, I. Schroeder, M. Schuhmann, and S. Wampfler. MNRAS 498:2239-2248 (2020).		 1881b
B2Σ+ - X2Σ+ violet system
Hale-Bopp
25/2-13/2 (226.875 GHz)
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
CN, mass 26
1881 C3
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR FEB 2008 		Preliminary Notes on the Photographic Spectrum of Comet 1881b
W. Huggins, Proc Roy Soc 33:1 (1882) 		1881b
B1Πu - X1Σg+ system
1910 N+
2
nitrogen cation 		Investigations Relating to the Spectra of Comets
A. Fowler, MNRAS 70:484-496 (1910)		 Daniel, Morehouse
B2Σu+ - X1Σg+
(0-0) band at 3914 Å
1910 CO+
carbon monoxide cation 		Investigations Relating to the Spectra of Comets
A. Fowler, MNRAS 70:484-496 (1910)
New Molecular Species in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) Observed with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
D. C. Lis, D. M. Mehringer, D. Benford, M. Gardner, T. G. Phillips, D. Bockelée-Morvan, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. Crovisier, D. Despois, and H. Rauer, Earth Moon Planets 78:13-20 (1997)		 Daniel, Morehouse
B2Σ+ - X2Σ+
Hale-Bopp
25/2-13/2 (236.063 GHz)
1938 CH
methylidyne radical
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR MAY 2005 		Les Bandes de CH et la Présence de l'Hydrogène dans les Comètes
M. Nicolet, Zeitschrift für Astrophysik 15:154 (1938)
CH Bands in Comet Spectra
J. Dufay, ApJ 91:91-102 (1940)		 Various
line at 4300 Å
1941 NH
imidogen radical
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JAN 2014 		The Spectrum of Comet Cunningham, 1940c
P. Swings, C. T. Elvey, and H. W. Babcock, ApJ 94:320-343(1943)		 Cunningham
A3Πi - X3Σ- lines
3350-3372 Å
1941 OH
hydroxyl radical
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR FEB 2009 		The Spectrum of Comet Cunningham, 1940c
P. Swings, C. T. Elvey, and H. W. Babcock, ApJ 94:320-343(1943)		 Cunningham
A2Σ+ - X2Πi lines
3079-3211 Å
1942 CH+
methylidyne cation
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR APR 2007 		Considerations Regarding Cometary and Interstellar Molecules
P. Swings, ApJ 95:270-280 (1942)		 Various
three branches of the (0,0) band
at 4231, 4238.5, and 4254.4 Å
1943 NH2
amidogen radical 		Cometary Emission Spectra in the Visual Region
P. Swings, A. McKellar, and R. Minkowski, ApJ 98:142-153 (1943)		 Various
A2A2 → X2B2 band system
1950 OH+
hydroxyl cation 		The Spectrum of Comet Bester (1947k)
P. Swings and T. Page, ApJ 111:530-153 (1950)		 Bester
A3Πi - 3Σ+ features
1950 CO2+
carbon dioxide cation 		The Spectrum of Comet Bester (1947k)
P. Swings and T. Page, ApJ 111:530-153 (1950)		 Bester
UV and visible features
1974 H2O+
water cation 		Spectroscopic Observations of Comet Kohoutek (1973f)
P. Benvenuti and K. Wurm, A&A 31:121-122 (1974)
Tentative Identffication of the H2O+ Ion in Comet Kohoutek
G. Herzberg and H. Lew, A&A 31:123-124 (1974)
Identification of H2O+ in the Tail of Comet Kohoutek (1973f)
P. A. Wehinger, S. Wyckoff, G. H. Herbig, G. Herzberg, and H. Lew, ApJ 190:L43-L46 (1974)		 Kohoutek
A2A1 → X2B1 band system
1974 CH3CN
methyl cyanide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR SEP 2008 		Detection of Methyl Cyanide in Comet Kohoutek
B. L. Ulick and E. K. Conklin, Nature 248:121 (1974)		 Kohoutek
6,3 → 5,3 (110,709.7 MHz)
6,0 → 5,0 (110,712.4 MHz)
1974 HCN
hydrogen cyanide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR SEP 2010 		HCN Radio Emission from Comet Kohoutek (1973f)
W. F. Huebner, L. E. Snyder, and D. Buhl, Icarus 23:580-584 (1974)		 Kohoutek
J=1-0 (88.6 GHz)
1976 CO
carbon monoxide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JUN 2003 		Carbon Production in Comet West 1975n
P. D. Feldman and W. H. Brune ApJ 209:L45-L48 (1976)
Coma Formation Driven by Carbon-Monoxide Release from Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1
M. C. Senay and D. Jewitt, Nature 371:229 (1994)		 West
(1,0) 1510 Å
Schwassmann-Wachmann
???
1980 CS
carbon monosulfide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR SEP 2006 		Production of Carbon, Sulfur, and CS in Comet West
A. M. Smith, T. P. Stecher, and L. Casswell, ApJ 242:402-410 (1980)		 West
UV bands in the 1620-3960 Å range
1980 CN+
cyano cation 		Production of Carbon, Sulfur, and CS in Comet West
A. M. Smith, T. P. Stecher, and L. Casswell, ApJ 242:402-410 (1980)		 West
UV bands at 3162 and 3264 Å
from the C1Σ→a1Σ system
1983 NH3
ammnonia
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR FEB 2010 		Radio observations of Comet 1983 D
W. J. Altenhoff, W. K. Batrla, W. K. Huchtmeier, J. Schmidt, P. Stumpff, and W. Walmsley, A&A 125:L19-L22 (1983)		 IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d
(3,3) inversion transition (23.9 GHz)
1983 S2 The discovery of S2 in comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d
M. F. A'Hearn, D. G. Schleicher, and P. D. Feldman, ApJ 274:L99-L103 (1983)		 IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d
various UV bands
1984 HCO
formyl radical
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR DEC 2008 		Detection of New Molecules in the Visible Spectrum of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d)
C. B. Cosmovici and S. Ortolani, Nature 310:122-124 (1984)		 IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d
visible bands
1984 H2S+
hydrogen sulfide cation 		Detection of New Molecules in the Visible Spectrum of Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d)
C. B. Cosmovici and S. Ortolani, Nature 310:122-124 (1984)		 IRAS-Araki-Alcock 1983d
visible bands
1986 CO2
carbon dioxide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR MAR 2011 		Infrared Sounding of Comet Halley from Vega 1
M. Combes, V.I. Moroz, J. F. Crifo, J. M. Lamarre, J. Charra, N. F. Sanko, A. Soufflot, J. P. Bibring, S. Cazes, N. Coron, J. Crovisier, C. Emerich, T. Encrenaz, R. Gispert, A. V. Grigoryev, G. Guyot, V. A. Krasnopolsky, Y. Nikolsky, and F. Rocard, Nature 321:266-268 (1986)		 Halley
fluorescence signature
1986 H2O
water
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR DEC 2011 		Detection of Water Vapor in Halley's Comet
M. J. Mumma, H. A. Weaver, H. P. Larson, M. Williams, and D. S. Davis, Science 232:1523-1528 (1986)		 Halley
nine rotational lines at 2.65 μm
1987 NO
nitric oxide 		Some Diatomic Molecules from Comet P/Halley's UV Spectra Near Spacecraft Flybys
M. K. Wallis and K. S. Krishna Swamy, A&A 187:329-332 (1987)		 Halley
(0,0) γ-band at 226.3 nm
1989 H2CO
formaldehyde
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR DEC 2005 		Radio Detection of Formaldehyde Emission from Comet Halley
L. E. Snyder, P. Palmer, and I. de Pater, AJ 97:243-253 (1989)
Formaldehyde in Comets. I - Microwave Observations of P/Brorsen-Metcalf (1989 X), Austin (1990 V) and Levy (1990 XX)
P. Colom, J. Crovisier, D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. Despois, and G. Paubert, A&A 264:270-281 (1992)		 Halley
JK-1 K1 = 111 - 110 (4429.659 MHz)
Austin, Levy
3(12)-2(11) (226 GHz)
1989 c-C3H3+ Probable Detection of Organic-Dust-Borne Aromatic C3H3+ Ions in the Coma of Comet Halley
A. Korth, M. L. Marconi, D. A. Mendis, F. R. Krueger, A. K. Richter, R. P. Lin, D. L. Mitchell, K. A. Anderson, C. W. Carlson, H. Rème, and C. d'Uston, Nature 337:53-55 (1989) 		Halley
mass spectroscopy
1989 C3H+ On the Possible Detection of Organic Dust-Borne C3H+ Ions in the Coma of Comet Halley
M. L. Marconi, A. Korth, D. A. Mendis, R. P. Lin, D. L. Mitchell, H. Rème, and C. d'Uston, ApJ 343:L77-L79 (1989) 		Halley
mass spectroscopy
1990 H3S+
protonated hydrogen sulfide 		The Identification of H3S+ with the Ion of Mass per Charge (m/q) 35 Observed in the Coma of Comet Halley
M. L. Marconi, D. A. Mendis, A. Korth, R. P. Lin, D. L. Mitchell, and H. Rème, ApJ 352:L17-L20 (1990) 		Halley
mass spectroscopy
1991 NCN New ultraviolet spectroscopic features found in Comet Brorsen-Metcalf (1989o)
C. R. O'Dell, C. O. Miller, A. L. Cochran, W. D. Cochran, C. B. Opal, and E. S. Barker, ApJ 368:616-621 (1991)
Near-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Comet Austin (1989c1)
J. H. Valk, C. R. O'Dell, A. L. Cochran, W. D. Cochran, C. B. Opal, and E. S. Barker, ApJ 388:621-632 (1992)		 Brorsen-Metcalf, Austin
A3Πu - X3Σg- lines
at 3284 and 3290 Å
1991 H2S
hydrogen sulfide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR NOV 2009 		Microwave Detection of Hydrogen Sulphide and Methanol in Comet Austin (1989c1)
D. Bockelée-Morvan, P. Colom, J. Crovisier, D. Despois, and G. Paubert, Nature 350:318-320 (1991)		 Austin
101 - 110 (168.762 GHz)
1991 CH3OH
methanol
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR APR 2006 		Microwave Detection of Hydrogen Sulphide and Methanol in Comet Austin (1989c1)
D. Bockelée-Morvan, P. Colom, J. Crovisier, D. Despois, and G. Paubert, Nature 350:318-320 (1991)		 Austin
4 lines (96.7 GHz)
8 lines (145 GHz)
1994 C14H10
phenanthrene 		Detection of a polycyclic aromatic molecule in comet P/Halley
G. Moreels, J. Clairemidi, P. Hermine, P. Brechignac, and P. Rousselot. A&A 282:643-656 (1994)		 Halley
UV bands at 347, 356, 364 and 374 nm
1995 H3O+
hydronium cation
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR FEB 2006 		D/H and 18O/16O Ratio in the Hydronium Ion and in Neutral Water from in situ Ion Measurements in Comet Halley
H. Balsiger, K. Altwegg, and J. Geiss. J Geophys Res 100:5827-5834 (1995)
Deep Space 1 Encounter with Comet 19P/Borrelly: Ion Composition Measurements by the PEPE Mass Spectrometer
J. E. Nordholt,D. B. Reisenfeld, R. C. Wiens, S. P. Gary, F. Crary, D. M. Delapp, R. C. Elphic, H. O. Funsten, J. J. Hanley, D. J. Lawrence, D. J. McComas, M. Shappirio, J. T. Steinberg, J. Wang, and D. T. Young, Geophy Res Lett 30:1465 (2003).		 Halley
mass spectrometry
Borrely
mass spectrometry
1996 HNC
hydrogen isocyanide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JAN 2011 		Spectroscopic evidence for interstellar ices in Comet Hyakutake
W. Irvine, D. Bockelée-Morvan, D.C. Lis, H. E. Matthews, N. Biver, J. Crovisier, J. K. Davies, W. R. F. Dent, D. Gautier, P. D. Godfrey, J. Keene, A. J. Lowell, T. C. Owen, T. G. Phillips, H. Rauer, F. P. Schloerb, M. Senay, and K. Young, Nature 383:418-420 (1996)		 Hyakutake
J = 4-3 (362.630092 GHz)
1996 CH4
methane 		Detection of Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin
M. J. Mumma, M. A. DiSanti, N. Dello Russo, M. Fomenkova, K. Magee-Sauer, C. D. Kaminski, and D. X. Xie, Science 272:1310-1314 (1996)		 Hyakutake
???
1996 C2H6
ethane 		Detection of Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin
M. J. Mumma, M. A. DiSanti, N. Dello Russo, M. Fomenkova, K. Magee-Sauer, C. D. Kaminski, and D. X. Xie, Science 272:1310-1314 (1996)		 Hyakutake
???
1996 C2H2
acetylene
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JUN 2013 		Detection of Acetylene in the Infrared Spectrum of Comet Hyakutake
T. Y. Brooke, A. T. Tokunaga, H. A. Weaver, J. Crovisier, D. Bockelée-Morvan, and D. Crisp, Nature 383:606 (1996)		 Hyakutake
3 P5 (3282.990 cm-1)
3 P4 (3285.377 cm-1)
3 P3 (3287.756 cm-1)
1997 HCO+
protonated carbon dioxide 		COMET C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
J. M. Veal, L. E. Snyder, M. C. H. Wright, J. R. Forster, W. Hoffman, M. Pound, I. de Pater, T. Helfer, R. L. Plambeck, G. Engargiola, and T. Wong, L. M. Woodney, M. F. A'Hearn, P. Palmer, Y.-J. Kuan, IAUC 6575 (1997)
HCO+ Imaging of Comet C/Hale-Bopp 1995 O1
A. J. Lovell, F. P. Schloerb, J. E. Dickens, C. H. DeVries, M. C. Senay, and W. M. Irvine, ApJ 497:L117-L121 (1998)		 Hale-Bopp
J=1-0 (89.189 GHz)
1997 H2CS
thioformaldehyde
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR MAR 2005 		COMET C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
L. M. Woodney, J. McMullin, M. F. A'Hearn, and N. Samarasinha, IAUC 6607 (1997)
Hale-Bopp
7(16)-5(15) (244.0478 GHz)
1997 OCS
carbonyl sulfide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR SEP 2005 		Detection of OCS in comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2)
L. M. Woodney, J. McMullin, and M. F. A'Hearn, P&SS 45:717-719 (1997)		 Hyakutake
J(12-11) (145.95 GHz)
1997 HNCO
isocyanic acid
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR APR 2004 		Spectroscopic Observations of Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
D. C. Lis, J. Keene, K. Young, T. G. Phillips, D. Bockelée-Morvan, J. Crovisier, P. Schilke, P. F. Goldsmith and E. A. Bergin, Icarus 130:355-272 (1997)		 Hyakutake
160,16-150,15 ()
1998 HDO
deuterated water
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JUL 2015 		Deuterated Water in Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) and Its Implications for the Origin of Comets
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. Gautier, D. C. Lis, K. Young, J. Keene, T. Phillips, T. Owen, J. Crovisier, P. F. Goldsmith, E. A. Bergin, D. Despois, and A. Wootten, Icarus 133:147-162 (1998)		 Hyakutake
101-000 (464.925 GHz)
2000 SO
sulfur monoxide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR NOV 2012 		New molecules found in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. C. Lis, J. E. Wink, D. Despois, J. Crovisier, R. Bachiller, D. J. Benford, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. K. Davies, E. Gérard, B. Germain, M. Houde, D. Mehringer, R. Moreno, G. Paubert, T. G. Phillips, and H. Rauer, A&A 353:1101-1114 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
55 - 44 (215.2206 GHz)
65 - 54 (219.9494 GHz)
56 - 45 (251.8258 GHz)
76 - 65 (261.8437 GHz)
87 - 76 (304.0778 GHz)
2000 SO2
sulfur dioxide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR AUG 2003 		New molecules found in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. C. Lis, J. E. Wink, D. Despois, J. Crovisier, R. Bachiller, D. J. Benford, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. K. Davies, E. Gérard, B. Germain, M. Houde, D. Mehringer, R. Moreno, G. Paubert, T. G. Phillips, and H. Rauer, A&A 353:1101-1114 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
120,12 - 111,11 (203.3916 GHz)
111,11 - 100,10 (221.9652 GHz)
161,15 - 152,14 (236.2167 GHz)
2000 HC3N
cyanoacetylene
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR APR 2011 		New molecules found in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. C. Lis, J. E. Wink, D. Despois, J. Crovisier, R. Bachiller, D. J. Benford, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. K. Davies, E. Gérard, B. Germain, M. Houde, D. Mehringer, R. Moreno, G. Paubert, T. G. Phillips, and H. Rauer, A&A 353:1101-1114 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
24 - 23 (218.3248 GHz)
25 - 24 (227.4189 GHz)
28 - 27 (254.6996 GHz)
29 - 28 (263.7925 GHz)
2000 NH2CHO
formamide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JAN 2005 		New molecules found in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. C. Lis, J. E. Wink, D. Despois, J. Crovisier, R. Bachiller, D. J. Benford, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. K. Davies, E. Gérard, B. Germain, M. Houde, D. Mehringer, R. Moreno, G. Paubert, T. G. Phillips, and H. Rauer, A&A 353:1101-1114 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
101,9 - 91,8 (218.4596 GHz)
110,11 - 100,10 (227.6062 GHz)
125,K - 115,K-1 (254.8776 GHz)
2000 HCOOH
formic acid
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR MAY 2004 		New molecules found in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. C. Lis, J. E. Wink, D. Despois, J. Crovisier, R. Bachiller, D. J. Benford, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. K. Davies, E. Gérard, B. Germain, M. Houde, D. Mehringer, R. Moreno, G. Paubert, T. G. Phillips, and H. Rauer, A&A 353:1101-1114 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
106,K - 96,K-1 (224.9292 GHz)
106,K - 96,K-1 (224.9768 GHz)
103,8 - 93,7 (225.2378 GHz)
103,7 - 93,6 (225.5126 GHz)
2000 HCOOCH3
methyl formate
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR SEP 2004 		New molecules found in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Investigating the link between cometary and interstellar material
D. Bockelée-Morvan, D. C. Lis, J. E. Wink, D. Despois, J. Crovisier, R. Bachiller, D. J. Benford, N. Biver, P. Colom, J. K. Davies, E. Gérard, B. Germain, M. Houde, D. Mehringer, R. Moreno, G. Paubert, T. G. Phillips, and H. Rauer, A&A 353:1101-1114 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
216,Ka,Kc - 206,K'a,K'c
(227.562 GHz)
2000 NS
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR APR 2010 		Detection of Nitrogen Sulfide in Comet Hale-Bopp
W. M. Irvine, M. Senay, A. J. Lovell, H. E. Matthews, D. McGonagle, and R. Meier, Icarus 143:412-414 (2000)		 Hale-Bopp
6 rotational lines around 346 GHz
2002 H2
hydrogen
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR OCT 2013 		Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Observations of CO and H2 Emission in Comet C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
P. D. Feldman, H. A. Weaver, and E. B. Burgh, ApJ 576:L91-L94 (2002)		 LINEAR
Lyman system lines at
1071.6, 1118.6, and 1166.8 Å
2004 (HOCH2)2
ethylene glycol ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR DEC 2003 		Ethylene Glycol in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
J. Crovisier, D. Bockelée-Morvan, N. Biver, P. Colom, D. Despois, and D. C. Lis, A&A 418:L35-L38 (2004)		 Hale-Bopp
17 rotational lines
2004 HCOCH3
acetaldehyde
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR OCT 2007 		The Composition of Ices in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) from Radio Spectroscopy. Further Results and Upper Limits on Undetected Species
J. Crovisier, D. Bockelée-Morvan, P. Colom, N. Biver, N. Biver, D. Despois, and D. C. Lis, A&A 418:1141-1157 (2004)		 Hale-Bopp
8 rotational lines from 216-245 GHz
2004 CS2
carbon disulfide 		Using the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrum of Comet 122P/de Vico to Identify the Parent Molecule CS2
W. M. Jackson, A. Scodinu, D. Xu, and A. L. Cochran, ApJ 607:L139-L141 (2004)		 de Vico
UV-vis fluorescence
2004 C16H10
pyrene 		Tentative Identification of Pyrene as a Polycyclic Aromatic Molecule in UV Spectra of Comet P/Halley: An Emission from 368 to 384 nm
J. Clairemidi, P. Bréchignac, G. Moreels, and D. Pautet, P&SS 52:761-772 (2004)		 Halley
UV bands from 368-384 nm
2008 CH3NH2
methylamine 		Detection of cometary amines in samples returned by Stardust
D. P. Glavin, J. P. Dworkin, and S. A. Sandford. Meteor Planet Sci 43:399-413(2008).		 Wild 2 (Stardust)
mass peak at 293.10 amu
2008 C2H5NH2
ethylamine 		Detection of cometary amines in samples returned by Stardust
D. P. Glavin, J. P. Dworkin, and S. A. Sandford. Meteor Planet Sci 43:399-413(2008).		 Wild 2 (Stardust)
mass peak at 307.11 amu
2008 C14H10
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR APR 2002		 Identification of anthracene in Comet 1P/Halley
J. Clairemidi, G. Moreels, O. Mousis, and P. Bréchignac, A&A 492:245-250 (2008).		 Halley
UV peaks at 363, 367.5, 373
and 382.5 nm
2015 N2
nitrogen 		Molecular nitrogen in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko indicates a low formation temperature
M. Rubin, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, A. Bar-Nun, J.-J. Berthelier, A. Bieler, P. Bochsler, C. Briois, U. Calmonte, M. Combi, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, P. Eberhardt, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, K. C. Hansen, M. Hässig, A. Jäckel, E. Kopp, A. Korth, L. Le Roy, U. Mall, B. Marty, O. Mousis, T. Owen, H. Rème, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, J. H. Waite, and P. Wurz. Science 348:232-235 (2015).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 28
2015 CH3NCO
methyl isocyanate
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JUL 2020 		Organic compounds on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko revealed by COSAC mass spectrometry
F. Goesmann, H. Rosenbauer, J. H. Bredehöft, M. Cabane, P. Ehrenfreund, T. Gautier, C. Giri, H. Krüger, L. Le Roy, A. J. MacDermott, S. McKenna-Lawlor, U. J. Meierhenrich, G. M. Muñoz Caro, F. Raulin, R. Roll, A. Steele, H. Steininger, R. Sternberg, C. Szopa, W. Thiemann, and S. Ulamec. Science 349, aab0689 (2015).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 57
2015 (CH3)2CO
acetone 		Organic compounds on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko revealed by COSAC mass spectrometry
F. Goesmann, H. Rosenbauer, J. H. Bredehöft, M. Cabane, P. Ehrenfreund, T. Gautier, C. Giri, H. Krüger, L. Le Roy, A. J. MacDermott, S. McKenna-Lawlor, U. J. Meierhenrich, G. M. Muñoz Caro, F. Raulin, R. Roll, A. Steele, H. Steininger, R. Sternberg, C. Szopa, W. Thiemann, and S. Ulamec. Science 349, aab0689 (2015).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 58
2015 CH3CONH2
acetamide 		Organic compounds on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko revealed by COSAC mass spectrometry
F. Goesmann, H. Rosenbauer, J. H. Bredehöft, M. Cabane, P. Ehrenfreund, T. Gautier, C. Giri, H. Krüger, L. Le Roy, A. J. MacDermott, S. McKenna-Lawlor, U. J. Meierhenrich, G. M. Muñoz Caro, F. Raulin, R. Roll, A. Steele, H. Steininger, R. Sternberg, C. Szopa, W. Thiemann, and S. Ulamec. Science 349, aab0689 (2015).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 59
2015 C2H5CHO
propionaldehyde 		Organic compounds on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko revealed by COSAC mass spectrometry
F. Goesmann, H. Rosenbauer, J. H. Bredehöft, M. Cabane, P. Ehrenfreund, T. Gautier, C. Giri, H. Krüger, L. Le Roy, A. J. MacDermott, S. McKenna-Lawlor, U. J. Meierhenrich, G. M. Muñoz Caro, F. Raulin, R. Roll, A. Steele, H. Steininger, R. Sternberg, C. Szopa, W. Thiemann, and S. Ulamec. Science 349, aab0689 (2015).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 58
2015 C2H5OH
ethyl alcohol 		Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, P. Colom, D. C. Lis, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, D. Despois, and S. N. Milam. Sci Adv 1:e1500863 (2015).		 C/2014 Q2 Lovejoy
13 lines
2015 H2CCO
ketene 		Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, P. Colom, D. C. Lis, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, D. Despois, and S. N. Milam. Sci Adv 1:e1500863 (2015).
Chemical composition of comets C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and C/2022 E3 (ZTF) from radio spectroscopy and the abundance of HCOOH and HNCO in comets
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, B. Handzlik, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, M. N. Drozdovskaya, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, D. C. Lis, M. Cordiner, S. Milam, N. X. Roth, B. P. Bonev, N. Dello Russo, R. Vervack, C. Opitom, and H. Kawakita. A&A 690:A271 (2024).		 C/2014 Q2 Lovejoy
tentative 3σ detection
C/2021 A1 Leonard
0.033 ± 0.015 % H2O
2015 CH2OHCHO
glycolaldehyde 		Ethyl alcohol and sugar in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, P. Colom, D. C. Lis, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, D. Despois, and S. N. Milam. Sci Adv 1:e1500863 (2015).		 C/2014 Q2 Lovejoy
2 lines
2015 O2
oxygen 		Abundant molecular oxygen in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
A. Bieler, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, A. Bar-Nun, J.-J. Berthelier, P. Bochsler, C. Briois, U. Calmonte, M. Combi, J. De Keyser, E. F. van Dishoeck, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, K. C. Hansen, M. Hässig, A. Jäckel, E. Kopp, A. Korth, L. Le Roy, U. Mall, R. Maggiolo, B. Marty, O. Mousis, T. Owen, H. Rème, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, J. H. Waite, C. Walsh, and P. Wurz. Nature 526:678-681 (2015).
Molecular Oxygen in Oort Cloud Comet 1P/Halley
M. Rubin, K. Altwegg, E. F. van Dishoeck, and G. Schwehm. ApJ 815:L11 (2015).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko,
1P/Haley
mass 32
2016 C2H5NO2
glycine 		Prebiotic chemicals–amino acid and phosphorus–in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, A. Bar-Nun, J.-J. Berthelier, A. Bieler, P. Bochsler, C. Briois, U. Calmonte, M. R. Combi, H. Cottin, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, K. C. Hansen, M. Haessig, A. Jäckel, E. Kopp, A. Korth, L. Le Roy, U. Mall, B. Marty, O. Mousis, T. Owen, H. Rèeme, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, J. H. Waite, and P. Wurz. Sci Adv 2:e1600285 (2016).
Cometary glycine detected in samples returned by Stardust
J. E. Elsila, D. P. Glavin, and J. P. Dworkin. Meteor Planet Sci 44:1323-1330 (2009)		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 75
2016 NH+
4
ammonium ion
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR JAN 2023 		First in-situ detection of the cometary ammonium ion NH+
4 (protonated ammonia NH3) in the coma of 67P/C-G near perihelion
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, U. Calmonte, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, K. C. Hansen, M. Hässig, K. L. Héritier, E. Kopp, L. Le Roy, K. E. Mandt, S. Peroy, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and E. Vigren. MNRAS 462:S562-S572 (2016).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass-to-charge 18.038
2016 S3
trisulfur 		Sulphur-bearing species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
U. Calmonte, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J. J. Berthelier, A. Bieler, G. Cessateur, F. Dhooghe, E. F. van Dishoeck, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, M. Hässig, L. Le Roy, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and S. F. Wampfler. MNRAS 462:S253-S273 (2016).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 96
2016 S4
tetrasulfur 		Sulphur-bearing species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
U. Calmonte, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J. J. Berthelier, A. Bieler, G. Cessateur, F. Dhooghe, E. F. van Dishoeck, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, M. Hässig, L. Le Roy, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and S. F. Wampfler. MNRAS 462:S253-S273 (2016).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 128
2016 CH3SH
methanethiol 		Sulphur-bearing species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
U. Calmonte, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J. J. Berthelier, A. Bieler, G. Cessateur, F. Dhooghe, E. F. van Dishoeck, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, M. Hässig, L. Le Roy, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and S. F. Wampfler. MNRAS 462:S253-S273 (2016).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 48
2016 C2H6S
 Sulphur-bearing species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
U. Calmonte, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J. J. Berthelier, A. Bieler, G. Cessateur, F. Dhooghe, E. F. van Dishoeck, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, S. Gasc, T. I. Gombosi, M. Hässig, L. Le Roy, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and S. F. Wampfler. MNRAS 462:S253-S273 (2016).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 62
2017 CH3Cl
chloromethane 		Protostellar and cometary detections of organohalogens
E. C. Fayolle, K. I. Öberg, J. K. Jørgensen, K. Altwegg, H. Calcutt, H. S. P. Müller, M. Rubin, M. H. D. van der Wiel, P. Bjerkeli, T. L. Bourke, A. Coutens, E. F. van Dishoeck, M. N. Drozdovskaya, R. T. Garrod, N. F. W. Ligterink, M. V. Persson, S. F. Wampfler & the ROSINA team. Nat Astron 1:702-708 (2017).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 49.99
2017 HF
hydrogen fluoride 		Halogens as tracers of protosolar nebula material in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
F. Dhooghe, J. De Keyser, K. Altwegg, C. Briois, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, U. Calmonte, G. Cessateur, M. R. Combi, E. Equeter, B. Fiethe, N. Fray, S. Fuselier, S. Gasc, A. Gibbons, T. Gombosi, H. Gunell, M. Hässig, M. Hilchenbach, L. Le Roy, R. Maggiolo, U. Mall, B. Marty, E. Neefs, H. Rème, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and P. Wurz. MNRAS 472:1336-1345 (2017).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
H19F, mass 20.0062
2017 HCl
hydrogen chloride 		Halogens as tracers of protosolar nebula material in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
F. Dhooghe, J. De Keyser, K. Altwegg, C. Briois, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, U. Calmonte, G. Cessateur, M. R. Combi, E. Equeter, B. Fiethe, N. Fray, S. Fuselier, S. Gasc, A. Gibbons, T. Gombosi, H. Gunell, M. Hässig, M. Hilchenbach, L. Le Roy, R. Maggiolo, U. Mall, B. Marty, E. Neefs, H. Rème, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and P. Wurz. MNRAS 472:1336-1345 (2017).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
H35Cl, mass 35.9767
2017 HBr
hydrogen bromide 		Halogens as tracers of protosolar nebula material in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
F. Dhooghe, J. De Keyser, K. Altwegg, C. Briois, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, U. Calmonte, G. Cessateur, M. R. Combi, E. Equeter, B. Fiethe, N. Fray, S. Fuselier, S. Gasc, A. Gibbons, T. Gombosi, H. Gunell, M. Hässig, M. Hilchenbach, L. Le Roy, R. Maggiolo, U. Mall, B. Marty, E. Neefs, H. Rème, M. Rubin, T. Sémon, C.-Y. Tzou, and P. Wurz. MNRAS 472:1336-1345 (2017).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
H79Br, mass 79.9262
H81Br, mass 81.9241
2020 NH4CN
ammonium cyanide
ASTROMOLECULE OF THE MONTH FOR FEB 2023 		Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, N. Hänni, M. Rubin, M. Schuhmann, I. Schroeder, T. Sémon, S. Wampfler, J.-J. Berthelier, C. Briois, M. Combi, T. I. Gombosi, H. Cottin, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, and S. A. Fuselier. Nat Astron 4:533-540 (2020). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and CN–
2020 NH4OCN
ammonium cyanate 		Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, N. Hänni, M. Rubin, M. Schuhmann, I. Schroeder, T. Sémon, S. Wampfler, J.-J. Berthelier, C. Briois, M. Combi, T. I. Gombosi, H. Cottin, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, and S. A. Fuselier. Nat Astron 4:533-540 (2020). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and OCN–
2020 NH4Cl
ammonium chloride 		Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, N. Hänni, M. Rubin, M. Schuhmann, I. Schroeder, T. Sémon, S. Wampfler, J.-J. Berthelier, C. Briois, M. Combi, T. I. Gombosi, H. Cottin, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, and S. A. Fuselier. Nat Astron 4:533-540 (2020). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and Cl–
2020 NH4HCOO
ammonium formate 		Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, N. Hänni, M. Rubin, M. Schuhmann, I. Schroeder, T. Sémon, S. Wampfler, J.-J. Berthelier, C. Briois, M. Combi, T. I. Gombosi, H. Cottin, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, and S. A. Fuselier. Nat Astron 4:533-540 (2020). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and HCOO–
2020 NH4CH3COO
ammonium acetate 		Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, N. Hänni, M. Rubin, M. Schuhmann, I. Schroeder, T. Sémon, S. Wampfler, J.-J. Berthelier, C. Briois, M. Combi, T. I. Gombosi, H. Cottin, J. De Keyser, F. Dhooghe, B. Fiethe, and S. A. Fuselier. Nat Astron 4:533-540 (2020). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and CH3COO–
2020 PO
phosphorus monoxide 		ALMA and ROSINA detections of phosphorus-bearing molecules: the interstellar thread between star-forming regions and comets
V. M. Rivilla, M. N. Drozdovskaya, K. Altwegg, P. Caselli, M. T. Beltrán, F. Fontani, F. F. S. van der Tak, R. Cesaroni, A. Vasyunin, M. Rubin, F. Lique, S. Marinakis, L. Testi, and the ROSINA team. MNRAS 492:11808 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 46.9681
2020 CO2+2
carbon dioxide dication 		ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 22
2020 CH2+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 14
2020 CH3+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 15
2020 NH2+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 16
2020 NH3+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 17
2020 NH4+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 18
2020 H218O+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 20
2020 HDO+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 20
2020 H318O+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 21
2020 C2H2+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 26
2020 C2H3+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 27
2020 C2H4+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 28
2020 HCNH+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 28
2020 C2H5+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 29
2020 H2COH+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 31
2020 CH3OH+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 32
2020 CH3OH2+ ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
A. Beth, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J.-J. Berthelier, M. R. Combi, J. De Keyser, B. Fiethe, S. A. Fuselier, M. Galand, T. I. Gombosi, M. Rubin, and T. Sémon. A&A 642:A27 (2020).		 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 33
2021 NCCN
cyanogen 		Cyanogen, cyanoacetylene, and acetonitrile in comet 67P and their relation to the cyano radical
N. Hänni, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, M. Combi, S. A. Fuselier, J. De Keyser, B. Pestoni, M. Rubin, and S. F. Wampfler. A&A 647:A22 (2021). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
mass 52
2022 NH4SH
ammonium hydrosulfide 		Abundant ammonium hydrosulphide embedded in cometary dust grains
K. Altwegg, M. Combi, S. A. Fuselier, N. Hänni, J. De Keyser, A. Mahjoub, D. R. Müller, B. Pestoni, M. Rubin, and S. F. Wampfler. MNRAS 516:3900-3910 (2022). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and SH–
2022 NH4F
ammonium fluoride 		Abundant ammonium hydrosulphide embedded in cometary dust grains
K. Altwegg, M. Combi, S. A. Fuselier, N. Hänni, J. De Keyser, A. Mahjoub, D. R. Müller, B. Pestoni, M. Rubin, and S. F. Wampfler. MNRAS 516:3900-3910 (2022). 		67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
correlation between
NH4+ and F–
2024 PH3
phosphine
non-detection 		Chemical composition of comets C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and C/2022 E3 (ZTF) from radio spectroscopy and the abundance of HCOOH and HNCO in comets
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, B. Handzlik, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, M. N. Drozdovskaya, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, D. C. Lis, M. Cordiner, S. Milam, N. X. Roth, B. P. Bonev, N. Dello Russo, R. Vervack, C. Opitom, and H. Kawakita. A&A 690:A271 (2024). 		C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
< 0.16% H2O
C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
< 0.09% H2O
2024 c-C2H4O
ethylene oxide
non-detection 		Chemical composition of comets C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and C/2022 E3 (ZTF) from radio spectroscopy and the abundance of HCOOH and HNCO in comets
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, B. Handzlik, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, M. N. Drozdovskaya, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, D. C. Lis, M. Cordiner, S. Milam, N. X. Roth, B. P. Bonev, N. Dello Russo, R. Vervack, C. Opitom, and H. Kawakita. A&A 690:A271 (2024). 		C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
< 0.024% H2O
C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
< 0.017% H2O
2024 l-C3H2
propadienylidene
non-detection 		Chemical composition of comets C/2021 A1 (Leonard) and C/2022 E3 (ZTF) from radio spectroscopy and the abundance of HCOOH and HNCO in comets
N. Biver, D. Bockelée-Morvan, B. Handzlik, A. Sandqvist, J. Boissier, M. N. Drozdovskaya, R. Moreno, J. Crovisier, D. C. Lis, M. Cordiner, S. Milam, N. X. Roth, B. P. Bonev, N. Dello Russo, R. Vervack, C. Opitom, and H. Kawakita. A&A 690:A271 (2024). 		C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
< 0.002% H2O
C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
< 0.004% H2O
2024 c-C3H2
cyclopropenylidene 		Tentative detection of cyclopropenylidene in comets
Y.-L. Chuang, Y.-J. Kuan, and S. B. Charnley. MNRAS 534:3439-3447 (2024). 		3 comets
up to 7 transitions

UV-vis (electronic excitations)      mm/sub-mm (rotational excitations)      infrared (vibrational excitations)
mass spectrometry

Maintained by DE Woon
Updated 16 November 2024